http://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=TerokNor&feedformat=atomGame Developer Research Institute - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T12:04:26ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.25.2http://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Atari_Hunt_Valley&diff=27939Talk:Atari Hunt Valley2024-03-04T10:59:40Z<p>TerokNor: /* Developer unknown */</p>
<hr />
<div>=Developer unknown=<br />
Versions of MicroProse games currently not listed because it is not known if they were done in-house<br />
:Acrojet - by William Denman and Edward Hill (graphics by Michael Haire, additional stuff by Meier and Stealy, so probably some in-house work)<br />
:Airborne Ranger IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Command HQ Macintosh - by Dave Brewer<br />
:Conflict in Vietnam IBM PC - by Edward Hill, Don Awalt, Randall Masteller<br />
:Crusade in Europe IBM PC - by Don Awalt<br />
:Decision in the Desert IBM PC - by Don Awalt<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Gunship PlayStation - no credits available<br />
:Hellcat Ace C64 - by Ron Verovsky and Dale Gray<br />
:Hellcat Ace IBM PC - by Don Awalt<br />
:Kennedy Approach Amiga/Atari ST - no credits available<br />
:Rex Nebular and the Cosmic Gender Bender Macintosh - by Dave Brewer<br />
:Sid Meier's Pirates! IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Silent Service Atari 8-bit - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon Macintosh - by Dave Brewer<br />
:Silent Service IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Solo Flight IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Spitfire Ace C64 - by Ron Verovsky and Dale Gray<br />
<br />
=Not developed at Hunt Valley=<br />
Versions not listed because they were definitely done elsewhere<br />
:Airborne Ranger Amiga/Atari ST - by Imagitec<br />
:F-117A Nighthawk - Stealth Fighter 2.0 Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle Atari ST - by Digital Illusions (graphics done in-house?)<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle II Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle II Genesis - by MicroProse UK<br />
:F-19 Stealth Figher Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Gunship 2000 Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Knights of the Sky Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Civilization Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Colonization Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Colonization Macintosh - by MicroProse Chapel Hill<br />
:Sid Meier's Covert Action Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Silent Service II Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
<br />
=OT Sports/Real Sports=<br />
OT Sports and/or Real Sports was a joint venture between Spectrum Holobyte and ABC. At least one of their games (''ABC Sports Monday Night Football '98'') was apparently developed at MicroProse going by shared credits.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Atari_Hunt_Valley&diff=27938Atari Hunt Valley2024-03-04T10:59:14Z<p>TerokNor: /* As MPS Labs */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Template:WIP}}<br />
'''MicroProse Software, Inc.''' (MicroProse) was founded by Sid Meier and Bill Stealey in 1982 (incorporated on December 3). Originally based in Parkton, Maryland [https://www.mobygames.com/game/spitfire-ace/cover-art/gameCoverId,658627/], it later moved to nearby Hunt Valley. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1993/06/18/computer-game-designers-agree-to-join-forces/fb73e762-36ab-4017-a61b-22a20e8ab93e/]<br />
<br />
MicroProse briefly changed its corporate name to MPS Technologies, Inc. in 1989. The product development division became known as '''MPS Labs''' [https://archive.org/details/redstormrisingmanual/RedStormRising-Manual/page/n1/mode/2up], a name that continued to be used years after Microprose reverted back to its original name. [https://www.mobygames.com/game/3877/virtual-karts/cover/group-14902/cover-88468/]<br />
<br />
In 1993, MicroProse merged with Spectrum HoloByte, with Stealey stepping down as CEO. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1993/06/18/computer-game-designers-agree-to-join-forces/fb73e762-36ab-4017-a61b-22a20e8ab93e/] Meier left in 1996 to found Firaxis. [https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html] Around the same time, other MicroProse team members joined a new Electronic Arts studio in the area. [https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/09/01/story3.html] In 1998, MicroProse was acquired by Hasbro. [https://www.ign.com/articles/1998/08/13/hasbro-buys-again-this-time-its-microprose] In 2000, Infogrames (later Atari) acquired Hasbro Interactive, including MicroProse. [https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/12/07/infogrames-acquires-hasbro-interactive] Atari shut down the Hunt Valley studio in 2003. [https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/atari-closes-former-microprose-studio]<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Direct mentions, online resources, shared staff<br />
<br />
==As MicroProse==<br />
===Apple II===<br />
*''Conflict in Vietnam'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Crusade in Europe'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Decision in the Desert'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''NATO Commander'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates!'' (Publisher: MicroProse) [http://www.magningames.com/Ed/bio.html]<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Solo Flight'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Apple IIgs===<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates!'' (Publisher: MicroProse) [http://www.magningames.com/Ed/bio.html]<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Arcade [https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=808]===<br />
*''Battle Tank'' (unreleased) (Jaleco)<br />
*''B.O.T.S.S. - Battle of the Solar System'' (Publisher: Jaleco)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Atari 8-Bit===<br />
*''Chopper Rescue''/''Air Rescue I'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Conflict in Vietnam'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Crusade in Europe'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Decision in the Desert'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Floyd of the Jungle '' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Hellcat Ace'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Kennedy Approach'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''MiG Alley Ace'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''NATO Commander'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Solo Flight'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Spitfire Ace'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Wingman'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''Gunship'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Red Storm Rising'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates'' (Publisher: MicroProse) [https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephenkbohrer]<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Commodore Amiga===<br />
*''Gunship'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Red Storm Rising'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates'' (Publisher: MicroProse) [https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephenkbohrer]<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Commodore 64===<br />
*''Airborne Ranger'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Conflict in Vietnam'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Crusade in Europe'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Decision in the Desert'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Floyd of the Jungle '' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Gunship'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Kennedy Approach'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''MiG Alley Ace'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''NATO Commander'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Project Stealth Fighter'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Red Storm Rising'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates!'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Solo Flight'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===DOS===<br />
*''Command H.Q.'' (graphics) (Publisher: Microplay/MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Game design and programming by Ozark Softscape</small><br />
*''F-19 Stealth Fighter'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Gunship'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Famicom/NES===<br />
*''F-117A Stealth Fighter'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (US/EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Macintosh===<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates!'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Super Famicom/Super NES===<br />
*''Super Strike Eagle'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; JP Publisher: Asmik)<br />
<br />
===Windows===<br />
*''Civilization II: Test of Time'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''European Air War'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Gunship!'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon II'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon III'' (unreleased) (MicroProse) [http://www.combatsim.com/review.php?id=665]<br />
*''Magic: The Gathering'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - Klingon Honor Guard'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - Omega Gate'' (unreleased) (MicroProse) [http://www.danmycka.com/]<br />
*Untitled ''G.I. Joe'' game (unreleased) [http://www.thelastoutpost.co.uk/games/bob-kathman-reveals-all]<br />
*''X-COM: Alliance'' (unreleased) [https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/06/06/x-com-alliance-interview-and-movie] [http://www.thelastoutpost.co.uk/games/bob-kathman-reveals-all] [https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/02/19/x-com-alliance] [http://www.thelastoutpost.co.uk/games/dave-ellis-early-days]<br />
<br />
==As MPS Labs==<br />
===3DO===<br />
*''Sid Meier's C.P.U. Bach'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Commodore Amiga===<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===DOS===<br />
*''1942: The Pacific Air War'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Across the Rhine'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Darklands'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Dragonsphere'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle II'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle III'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-117A Nighthawk - Stealth Fighter 2.0'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Fleet Defender'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Gunship 2000'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Hyperspeed'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Knights of the Sky'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Lightspeed'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''NFL Coaches Club Football'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Pirates! Gold'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Return of the Phantom'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Rex Nebular and the Cosmic Gender Bender'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Civil War'' (unreleased) (MicroProse) [https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_109/page/n25/] [https://ia903103.us.archive.org/15/items/PCZone005/PCZone-005.pdf PC Zone No. 5, p.8] [https://archive.org/details/pc-review-22/page/27/] [https://archive.org/details/powerplaymagazine-1993-08/page/n15/] [https://archive.org/details/PC-Player-German-Magazine-1993-08/page/n12/] [http://download.abandonware.org/magazines/Tilt/tilt_numero116/TILT%20-juillet-%20aout%201993%20-%20n%C2%B0116%20-%20page%20042.jpg]<br />
*''Sid Meier's Civilization'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Colonization'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Covert Action'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon Deluxe'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Silent Service II'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sword of the Samurai'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Task Force 1942'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Ultimate Football '95'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Ultimate NFL Coaches Club Football'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Virtual Karts'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Macintosh===<br />
*''Pirates! Gold'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Mega Drive/Genesis===<br />
*''Pirates! Gold'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Saturn===<br />
*''Prime Time NFL '96'' (unreleased) (Sega) [https://archive.org/details/Gamefan_Vol_4_Issue_08/page/n85/mode/1up] [https://groups.google.com/g/misc.jobs.resumes/c/LLyNt8kw6Zo/m/JffAmHkUkrsJ] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/view/developerId,12337/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20040203154933/http://www.bighugegames.com/team/daveinscore.html][https://web.archive.org/web/20031217020506/http://www.bighugegames.com/team/billpodurgiel.html]<br />
<br />
===Windows===<br />
*''Sid Meier's Civilization'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Programming by [[MicroProse Chapel Hill]]</small><br />
*''Sid Meier's Civilization II'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Engine programming by [[MicroProse Chapel Hill]]</small><br />
*''Sid Meier's CivNet'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Programming by [[MicroProse Chapel Hill]]</small><br />
*''Sid Meier's Colonization'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Programming by [[MicroProse Chapel Hill]]</small><br />
<br />
==As Infogrames Hunt Valley==<br />
===Windows===<br />
*''X-COM: Enforcer'' (Publisher: Infogrames)<br />
<br />
==As Atari Hunt Valley==<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Dungeons & Dragons: Heroes'' (Publisher: Atari)<br />
<br />
[[Category:WIP]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Atari_Hunt_Valley&diff=27937Talk:Atari Hunt Valley2024-03-04T10:08:37Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>=Developer unknown=<br />
Versions of MicroProse games currently not listed because it is not known if they were done in-house<br />
:Acrojet - by William Denman and Edward Hill (graphics by Michael Haire, additional stuff by Meier and Stealy, so probably some in-house work)<br />
:Airborne Ranger IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Command HQ Macintosh - by Dave Brewer<br />
:Conflict in Vietnam IBM PC - by Edward Hill, Don Awalt, Randall Masteller<br />
:Crusade in Europe IBM PC - by Don Awalt<br />
:Decision in the Desert IBM PC - by Don Awalt<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Gunship PlayStation - no credits available<br />
:Hellcat Ace C64 - by Ron Verovsky and Dale Gray<br />
:Hellcat Ace IBM PC - by Don Awalt<br />
:Kennedy Approach Amiga/Atari ST - no credits available<br />
:Pirates! Gold Macintosh - credits not currently available (game is available at Macintosh Repository)<br />
:Rex Nebular and the Cosmic Gender Bender Macintosh - by Dave Brewer<br />
:Sid Meier's Pirates! IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Silent Service Atari 8-bit - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon Macintosh - by Dave Brewer<br />
:Silent Service IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Solo Flight IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Spitfire Ace C64 - by Ron Verovsky and Dale Gray<br />
<br />
=Not developed at Hunt Valley=<br />
Versions not listed because they were definitely done elsewhere<br />
:Airborne Ranger Amiga/Atari ST - by Imagitec<br />
:F-117A Nighthawk - Stealth Fighter 2.0 Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle Atari ST - by Digital Illusions (graphics done in-house?)<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle II Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle II Genesis - by MicroProse UK<br />
:F-19 Stealth Figher Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Gunship 2000 Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Knights of the Sky Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Civilization Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Colonization Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Colonization Macintosh - by MicroProse Chapel Hill<br />
:Sid Meier's Covert Action Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Silent Service II Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
<br />
=OT Sports/Real Sports=<br />
OT Sports and/or Real Sports was a joint venture between Spectrum Holobyte and ABC. At least one of their games (''ABC Sports Monday Night Football '98'') was apparently developed at MicroProse going by shared credits.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=MicroProse_Chapel_Hill&diff=27936MicroProse Chapel Hill2024-03-04T10:07:15Z<p>TerokNor: /* Macintosh */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
Based in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Led by William 'Mike' Denman Jr. Earlier known as '''Shadowmasters''' or '''Shadowmasters Design'''. Acquired by MicroProse/Spectrum HoloByte ca. 1994 to become an internal studio, responsible for Windows ports of games in the Civilization series. New owner Hasbro announced the studio's closure in December 1999 and it was shut down in January 2000. Several of the former employees founded [[Vicious Cycle]] a few months later.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), shared staff<br />
<br />
===Apple II===<br />
*''John Elway's Quarterback'' (US Publisher: Melbourne House)<br />
<br />
===Apple IIgs===<br />
*''John Elway's Quarterback'' (US Publisher: Melbourne House)<br />
<br />
===Commodore 64===<br />
*''John Elway's Quarterback'' (US Publisher: Melbourne House)<br />
<br />
===Macintosh===<br />
*''F-117A: Stealth Fighter 2.0'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Civilization'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Colonization'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Windows===<br />
*''Civilization II: Multiplayer Gold Edition'' (US/EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Civilization'' (US/EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Graphics and sound by [[Atari Hunt Valley|MicroProse Hunt Valley]]</small><br />
*''Sid Meier's Civilization II'' (engine programming) (US/EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Gameplay programming, graphics and sound by [[Atari Hunt Valley|MicroProse Hunt Valley]]</small><br />
*''Sid Meier's CivNet'' (US/EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Graphics and sound by [[Atari Hunt Valley|MicroProse Hunt Valley]]</small><br />
*''Sid Meier's Colonization'' (US/EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Graphics and sound by [[Atari Hunt Valley|MicroProse Hunt Valley]]</small><br />
*''X-COM Genesis'' (unreleased) (MicroProse)<br />
*''X-COM Interceptor'' (US/EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://freelancer.ag.ru/interview/vc_eng.shtml Interview with X-COM Interceptor and Genesis designer David Ellis at freelancer.ag.ru] <br />
*[http://www.thelastoutpost.co.uk/games/dave-ellis-early-days Interview with X-COM Interceptor and Genesis designer David Ellis at The Last Outpost]<br />
*[https://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=2528 Gamasutra story about Hasbro restructuring]<br />
<br />
[[Category:WIP]]<br />
[[Category:MicroProse]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=27935User:TerokNor2024-03-04T09:38:31Z<p>TerokNor: /* Totally Games */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987.[http://www.bionictoad.com/budokan/] Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House. Infogrames closed the studio around 2003 and many developers went on to found Sumo Digital.<br />
<br />
===Heuristic Park===<br />
Founded in 1995 in Atlanta by David W. Bradley. Team members previously worked on Wizardry Bane of the Cosmic Forge and Crusaders of the Dark Savant (Sir-Tech) and Cybermage: Darklight Awakening (Origin). Those games are often credited as being developed by their publishers, but that doesn't seem to be correct: according to HP Graphic Director Chris Appel (https://www.linkedin.com/in/chris-appel-4a35b4), he worked for "D. W. Bradley and Associate" in Atlanta on those games. I tried contacting Mr. Appel via his website for clarification, but didn't receive a response unfortunately.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
====Alameda games====<br />
=====as Spectrum Holobyte=====<br />
*''Faces ...tris III''<br />
*''Falcon'' (TurboGrafx)<br />
*''Falcon 3.0''<br />
*''Falcon 3.0: Operation Fighting Tiger''<br />
*''Flight of the Intruder'' (some art and sound)<br />
*''Hornet: Naval Strike Fighter''<br />
*''MiG-29: Deadly Adversary of Falcon 3.0''<br />
*''National Lampoon's Chess Maniac 5 Billion and 1''<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - A Final Unity''<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - Future's Past''/''Echoes from the Past''<br />
*''Stunt Driver''/''Crash Course''<br />
*''Super Tetris''<br />
*''Tank: The M1A1 Abrams Battle Tank Simulation''<br />
*''Tetris''<br />
*''Top Gun: Fire at Will!''<br />
*''Vette!''<br />
*''Welltris''<br />
*''Wordtris''<br />
=====as MicroProse=====<br />
*''Falcon 4.0''<br />
*''Master of Magic II'' (unreleased) [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/]<br />
*''Star Trek: Generations''<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - Birth of the Federation''<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990. Earlier, the original Mindscape also had in-house development in their original location in the Chicago area.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area in July 1992[https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/award-award-bright-star-has-been-acquired-by-sierra/QAHxR7wumxPf-Q]. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis [https://ogdb.eu/index.php?section=company&companyid=4021]. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony.[https://www.gamezone.com/news/sony_acquires_red_zone_interactive/] SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. [https://www.linkedin.com/in/martinbuckycameron Martin Cameron's LinkedIn] has some details: Cameron was a co-founder with Holland, and puts the start of the company in September 1991, which would put it right when Secret Weapons of the Lufwaffe was finished. [https://www.linkedin.com/in/peterlincroft/ Peter Lincroft] even puts in in 1990.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=27169User:TerokNor2023-07-08T09:42:02Z<p>TerokNor: /* MicroProse */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987.[http://www.bionictoad.com/budokan/] Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House. Infogrames closed the studio around 2003 and many developers went on to found Sumo Digital.<br />
<br />
===Heuristic Park===<br />
Founded in 1995 in Atlanta by David W. Bradley. Team members previously worked on Wizardry Bane of the Cosmic Forge and Crusaders of the Dark Savant (Sir-Tech) and Cybermage: Darklight Awakening (Origin). Those games are often credited as being developed by their publishers, but that doesn't seem to be correct: according to HP Graphic Director Chris Appel (https://www.linkedin.com/in/chris-appel-4a35b4), he worked for "D. W. Bradley and Associate" in Atlanta on those games. I tried contacting Mr. Appel via his website for clarification, but didn't receive a response unfortunately.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
====Alameda games====<br />
=====as Spectrum Holobyte=====<br />
*''Faces ...tris III''<br />
*''Falcon'' (TurboGrafx)<br />
*''Falcon 3.0''<br />
*''Falcon 3.0: Operation Fighting Tiger''<br />
*''Flight of the Intruder'' (some art and sound)<br />
*''Hornet: Naval Strike Fighter''<br />
*''MiG-29: Deadly Adversary of Falcon 3.0''<br />
*''National Lampoon's Chess Maniac 5 Billion and 1''<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - A Final Unity''<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - Future's Past''/''Echoes from the Past''<br />
*''Stunt Driver''/''Crash Course''<br />
*''Super Tetris''<br />
*''Tank: The M1A1 Abrams Battle Tank Simulation''<br />
*''Tetris''<br />
*''Top Gun: Fire at Will!''<br />
*''Vette!''<br />
*''Welltris''<br />
*''Wordtris''<br />
=====as MicroProse=====<br />
*''Falcon 4.0''<br />
*''Master of Magic II'' (unreleased) [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/]<br />
*''Star Trek: Generations''<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - Birth of the Federation''<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990. Earlier, the original Mindscape also had in-house development in their original location in the Chicago area.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area in July 1992[https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/award-award-bright-star-has-been-acquired-by-sierra/QAHxR7wumxPf-Q]. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis [https://ogdb.eu/index.php?section=company&companyid=4021]. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony.[https://www.gamezone.com/news/sony_acquires_red_zone_interactive/] SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Atari_Hunt_Valley&diff=27166Atari Hunt Valley2023-07-07T07:25:57Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
<br />
'''MicroProse Software, Inc.''' was founded by Sid Meier and Bill Stealey in 1982 (incorporated December 3rd, 1982, MD business entity number D01493618). Originally based in Parkton, Maryland [https://www.mobygames.com/game/spitfire-ace/cover-art/gameCoverId,658627/], it later moved to nearby Hunt Valley. In 1993, it merged with Spectrum HoloByte [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1993/06/18/computer-game-designers-agree-to-join-forces/fb73e762-36ab-4017-a61b-22a20e8ab93e/], with Stealey stepping down as CEO. Meier left in 1996 to found Firaxis [https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html]. Around the same time, other MicroProse team members joined a new Electronic Arts studio in the area [https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/09/01/story3.html]. In 1998, MicroProse was acquired by Hasbro [https://www.ign.com/articles/1998/08/13/hasbro-buys-again-this-time-its-microprose]. In 2000, Infogrames (later Atari) acquired Hasbro Interactive, including MicroProse [https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/12/07/infogrames-acquires-hasbro-interactive]. Atari shut down the Hunt Valley studio in 2003 [https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/atari-closes-former-microprose-studio].<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Direct mentions, online resources, shared staff<br />
<br />
==As MicroProse==<br />
===Apple II===<br />
*''Conflict in Vietnam'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Crusade in Europe'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Decision in the Desert'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''NATO Commander'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates!'' (Publisher: MicroProse) [http://www.magningames.com/Ed/bio.html]<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Solo Flight'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Apple IIgs===<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates!'' (Publisher: MicroProse) [http://www.magningames.com/Ed/bio.html]<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Arcade [https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=808]===<br />
*''Battle Tank'' (unreleased) (Jaleco)<br />
*''B.O.T.S.S. - Battle of the Solar System'' (Publisher: Jaleco)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Atari 8-Bit===<br />
*''Chopper Rescue''/''Air Rescue I'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Conflict in Vietnam'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Crusade in Europe'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Decision in the Desert'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Floyd of the Jungle '' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Hellcat Ace'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Kennedy Approach'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''MiG Alley Ace'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''NATO Commander'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Solo Flight'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Spitfire Ace'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Wingman'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''Gunship'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Red Storm Rising'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates'' (Publisher: MicroProse) [https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephenkbohrer]<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Commodore Amiga===<br />
*''Gunship'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Red Storm Rising'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates'' (Publisher: MicroProse) [https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephenkbohrer]<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Commodore 64===<br />
*''Airborne Ranger'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Conflict in Vietnam'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Crusade in Europe'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Decision in the Desert'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Floyd of the Jungle '' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Gunship'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Kennedy Approach'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''MiG Alley Ace'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''NATO Commander'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Project Stealth Fighter'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Red Storm Rising'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates!'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Silent Service'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Solo Flight'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===DOS===<br />
*''Command H.Q.'' (graphics) (Publisher: Microplay/MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Game design and programming by Ozark Softscape</small><br />
*''F-19 Stealth Fighter'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Gunship'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Famicom/NES===<br />
*''F-117A Stealth Fighter'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle'' (US/EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Macintosh===<br />
*''Sid Meier's Pirates!'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Super Famicom/Super NES===<br />
*''Super Strike Eagle'' (US Publisher: MicroProse; JP Publisher: Asmik)<br />
<br />
===Windows===<br />
*''Civilization II: Test of Time'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''European Air War'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Gunship!'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon II'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon III'' (unreleased) (MicroProse) [http://www.combatsim.com/review.php?id=665]<br />
*''Magic: The Gathering'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - Klingon Honor Guard'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Star Trek: The Next Generation - Omega Gate'' (unreleased) (MicroProse) [http://www.danmycka.com/]<br />
*Untitled ''G.I. Joe'' game (unreleased) [http://www.thelastoutpost.co.uk/games/bob-kathman-reveals-all]<br />
*''X-COM: Alliance'' (unreleased) [https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/06/06/x-com-alliance-interview-and-movie] [http://www.thelastoutpost.co.uk/games/bob-kathman-reveals-all] [https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/02/19/x-com-alliance] [http://www.thelastoutpost.co.uk/games/dave-ellis-early-days]<br />
<br />
==As MPS Labs==<br />
===3DO===<br />
*''Sid Meier's C.P.U. Bach'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Commodore Amiga===<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===DOS===<br />
*''1942: The Pacific Air War'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Across the Rhine'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Darklands'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Dragonsphere'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle II'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-15 Strike Eagle III'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''F-117A Nighthawk - Stealth Fighter 2.0'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Fleet Defender'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Gunship 2000'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Hyperspeed'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Knights of the Sky'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Lightspeed'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''M1 Tank Platoon'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''NFL Coaches Club Football'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Pirates! Gold'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Return of the Phantom'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Rex Nebular and the Cosmic Gender Bender'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Civil War'' (unreleased) (MicroProse) [https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_109/page/n25/] [https://ia903103.us.archive.org/15/items/PCZone005/PCZone-005.pdf PC Zone No. 5, p.8] [https://archive.org/details/pc-review-22/page/27/] [https://archive.org/details/powerplaymagazine-1993-08/page/n15/] [https://archive.org/details/PC-Player-German-Magazine-1993-08/page/n12/] [http://download.abandonware.org/magazines/Tilt/tilt_numero116/TILT%20-juillet-%20aout%201993%20-%20n%C2%B0116%20-%20page%20042.jpg]<br />
*''Sid Meier's Civilization'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Colonization'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Covert Action'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon Deluxe'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Silent Service II'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Sword of the Samurai'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Task Force 1942'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Ultimate Football '95'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Ultimate NFL Coaches Club Football'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Virtual Karts'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Mega Drive/Genesis===<br />
*''Pirates! Gold'' (US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Saturn===<br />
*''Prime Time NFL '96'' (unreleased) (Sega) [https://archive.org/details/Gamefan_Vol_4_Issue_08/page/n85/mode/1up] [https://groups.google.com/g/misc.jobs.resumes/c/LLyNt8kw6Zo/m/JffAmHkUkrsJ] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/view/developerId,12337/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20040203154933/http://www.bighugegames.com/team/daveinscore.html][https://web.archive.org/web/20031217020506/http://www.bighugegames.com/team/billpodurgiel.html]<br />
<br />
===Windows===<br />
*''Sid Meier's Civilization'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Programming by [[MicroProse Chapel Hill]]</small><br />
*''Sid Meier's Civilization II'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Engine programming by [[MicroProse Chapel Hill]]</small><br />
*''Sid Meier's CivNet'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Programming by [[MicroProse Chapel Hill]]</small><br />
*''Sid Meier's Colonization'' (Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
:<small>Programming by [[MicroProse Chapel Hill]]</small><br />
<br />
==As Infogrames Hunt Valley==<br />
===Windows===<br />
*''X-COM: Enforcer'' (Publisher: Infogrames)<br />
<br />
==As Atari Hunt Valley==<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Dungeons & Dragons: Heroes'' (Publisher: Atari)<br />
<br />
[[Category:WIP]]<br />
[[Category:Microprose]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=27038NetherRealm Studios2023-06-18T13:20:54Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Games */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''', from 1999 as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''. Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
*''Splat!''<br />
*''Star Rider''<br />
*''Turkey Shoot'' (design, graphics)<br />
:<small>programming by Games Alive!, Inc.</small><br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Power Up Baseball'' (unreleased, location test only) (design) [https://gamehistory.org/powerupbaseball/]<br />
:<small>co-design/programming/art by Incredible Technologies</small><br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Tournament Edition''<br />
*''Spy Hunter''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-02''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
*''Wheelman''<br />
:<small>supporting Midway Newcastle</small><br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
:<small>with JGI Entertainment</small><br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
*''Wheelman''<br />
:<small>supporting Midway Newcastle</small><br />
<br />
==As WB Games Chicago==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''F.3.A.R.'' (multiplayer development) (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''F.3.A.R.'' (multiplayer development) (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===iOS===<br />
*''Batman: Arkham City Lockdown''<br />
*''Batman: Arkham Origins''<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X''<br />
*''WWE Immortals''<br />
:<small>with Phosphor Studios</small><br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 5===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 1'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox Series X|S===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 1'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=27037NetherRealm Studios2023-06-18T13:11:46Z<p>TerokNor: /* As NetherRealm Studios */ + MK1</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''', from 1999 as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''. Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
*''Splat!''<br />
*''Star Rider''<br />
*''Turkey Shoot'' (design, graphics)<br />
:<small>programming by Games Alive!, Inc.</small><br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Power Up Baseball'' (unreleased, location test only) (design) [https://gamehistory.org/powerupbaseball/]<br />
:<small>co-design/programming/art by Incredible Technologies</small><br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Tournament Edition''<br />
*''Spy Hunter''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-02''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
*''Wheelman''<br />
:<small>supporting Midway Newcastle</small><br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
:<small>with JGI Entertainment</small><br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
*''Wheelman''<br />
:<small>supporting Midway Newcastle</small><br />
<br />
==As WB Games Chicago==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''F.3.A.R.'' (multiplayer development) (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''F.3.A.R.'' (multiplayer development) (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===iOS===<br />
*''Batman: Arkham City Lockdown''<br />
*''Batman: Arkham Origins''<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X''<br />
*''WWE Immortals''<br />
:<small>with Phosphor Studios</small><br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 5===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 1'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox Series X|S===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 1'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26979User:TerokNor2023-06-01T21:22:16Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987.[http://www.bionictoad.com/budokan/] Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House. Infogrames closed the studio around 2003 and many developers went on to found Sumo Digital.<br />
<br />
===Heuristic Park===<br />
Founded in 1995 in Atlanta by David W. Bradley. Team members previously worked on Wizardry Bane of the Cosmic Forge and Crusaders of the Dark Savant (Sir-Tech) and Cybermage: Darklight Awakening (Origin). Those games are often credited as being developed by their publishers, but that doesn't seem to be correct: according to HP Graphic Director Chris Appel (https://www.linkedin.com/in/chris-appel-4a35b4), he worked for "D. W. Bradley and Associate" in Atlanta on those games. I tried contacting Mr. Appel via his website for clarification, but didn't receive a response unfortunately.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990. Earlier, the original Mindscape also had in-house development in their original location in the Chicago area.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area in July 1992[https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/award-award-bright-star-has-been-acquired-by-sierra/QAHxR7wumxPf-Q]. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis [https://ogdb.eu/index.php?section=company&companyid=4021]. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony.[https://www.gamezone.com/news/sony_acquires_red_zone_interactive/] SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Tiertex&diff=26919Tiertex2023-05-07T11:57:25Z<p>TerokNor: + Game Boy</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:WIP}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
===3DO===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity / Flashback'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Electronic Arts Victor)<br />
<br />
===7800===<br />
*''Paperboy'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
*''Road Riot 4WD'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
*''Steel Talons'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
<br />
===Amiga===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Line of Fire'' (copy protection) (EU Publisher: Sega) [http://tcrf.net/Line_of_Fire_%28Amiga%29]<br />
:<small>Developer: Creative Materials; Music: Uncle Art</small><br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; US Publisher: Sega)<br />
<br />
===Amstrad CPC===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Black Tiger'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''UN Squadron'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===CD-i===<br />
*''Flashback'' (US/EU Publisher: Philips)<br />
<br />
===Commodore 64===<br />
*''1943'' (UK Publisher: GO!)<br />
*''720°'' (US Publisher: Mindscape, EU Publisher: U.S. Gold/Kixx)<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Days of Thunder'' (UK Publisher: Mindscape)<br />
*''Dynasty Wars'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold, EU Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''England Championship Special'' (EU Publisher: Grandslam Entertainment)<br />
*''Human Killing Machine'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US Publisher: Lucasfilm Games, UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Last Duel'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (US Publisher: Tengen, UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Street Fighter'' (UK Publisher: GO!)<br />
*''Strider'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Strider 2'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Class Soccer'' / ''Italy 1990'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Game Boy===<br />
*''FIFA Soccer 97'' / ''FIFA 97'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl)<br />
*''Madden 97'' (US Publisher: Black Pearl)<br />
*''NBA Live 95'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl)<br />
*''Olympic Summer Games: Atlanta 1996'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl)<br />
*''Pocahontas'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl)<br />
*''Toy Story'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl)<br />
*''World Cup USA '94'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Sunsoft)<br />
<br />
===Game Gear===<br />
*''Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf'' / ''Desert Strike'' (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''FIFA International Soccer'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts; JP Publisher: Electronic Arts Victor)<br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: Tec Toy)<br />
*''James Pond 2: Codename: RoboCod'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Journey from Darkness: Strider Returns'' (EU/US Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Madden NFL '95'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Madden '96'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl Software)<br />
*''Paperboy'' (US/EU Publisher: Tengen)<br />
*''Shaq Fu'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (EU/US Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Super Kick Off'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Super Space Invaders'' (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''World Class LeaderBoard Golf'' / ''World Class Leader Board'' (US/EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''World Cup USA '94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: Tec Toy)<br />
<br />
===Jaguar===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Supercross 2000'' (US Publisher: Atari)<br />
*''Top Fuel'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
<br />
===Mark III/Master System===<br />
*''Die Hard 2'' (unreleased) (Grandslam) [https://www.smspower.org/forums/9485-UnreleasedRumouredSMSGames?start=50#59994]<br />
*''Gauntlet'' (music) (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''GP Rider'' (EU/AU Publisher: Sega; BR Publisher: Tec Toy)<br />
*''Impossible Mission'' (sound) (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''James Pond 2: Codename: RoboCod'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold/Kixx)<br />
*''Klax'' (EU Publisher: Tengen) [https://twitter.com/re5etuk/status/1574529704434204672] [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/wayne-billingham]<br />
*''Olympic Gold: Barcelona '92'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Cup USA '94'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Mega CD/Sega CD===<br />
*''World Cup USA 94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Mega Drive/Genesis===<br />
*''Formula One'' / ''F1'' (music) (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
:<small>Development: Lankhor; Some graphics: The Kremlin</small><br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''International Rugby'' (EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Madden NFL 98'' (US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''MiG-29'' / ''MiG-29 Fighter Pilot'' (music) (JP Publisher: Tengen; US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
:<small>Programming: PanelComp; Graphics: The Kremlin</small><br />
*''NBA Live 98'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
:<small>Based on ''NBA Live 97'' which was by [[NuFX]]; Some producers and most testing: THQ</small><br />
*''Olympic Gold'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Olympic Summer Games'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl Software)<br />
*''Strider Returns: Journey from Darkness'' / ''Strider II'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Super Kick Off'' (EU Publisher: US Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''Turbo Out Run'' (JP/EU/AU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Winter Olympic Games'' / ''Winter Olympics'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Wolfenstein 3D'' (unreleased)<br />
*''World Class Leaderboard Golf'' / ''World Class Leader Board'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Cup USA 94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; SK Publisher: Samsung)<br />
<br />
===Super Famicom/Super NES===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity / Flashback'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold; EU Publisher: Sony Imagesoft; JP Publisher: Sunsoft)<br />
<br />
===ZX Spectrum===<br />
*''1943'' (UK Publisher: GO!; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''720º'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Black Tiger'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Days of Thunder'' (UK Publisher: Mindscape; ES Publisher: Dro Soft)<br />
*''Dynasty Wars'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold, EU Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Human Killing Machine'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade / Indiana Jones y la Ultima Cruzada'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Italy 1990 / Italia 1990'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Italy 1990: Winners Edition'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Last Duel'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Street Fighter'' (UK Publisher: GO!; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Strider'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Strider II'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
<br />
==As Tiertex Design Studios==<br />
===Game Boy===<br />
*''FIFA: Road to World Cup 98'' (EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Hercules'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''The Hunchback of Notre Dame'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Mulan'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Small Soldiers'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''World Cup 98'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Ace Lightning'' (EU Publisher: Gamezlab)<br />
*''Carrera Power Slide'' (EU Publisher: Stadlbauer)<br />
*''Galidor: Defenders of the Outer Dimension'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''MX 2002 featuring Ricky Carmichael'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Soccer Mania'' / ''Football Mania'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Color===<br />
*''Bob the Builder: Fix it Fun!'' (EU Publisher: BBC; US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''A Bug's Life'' (US Publisher: THQ; EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Championship Motocross 2001 Featuring Ricky Carmichael'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''F1 Championship Season 2000'' / ''F1 Championship Temporada 2000'' (EU Publisher: Electronic Arts; BR Publisher: Gradiente)<br />
*''FIFA 2000'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ; BR Publisher: Gradiente)<br />
*''Madden NFL 2000'' (EU/US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Men in Black: The Series'' (US Publisher: Crave Entertainment; EU Publisher: Interplay)<br />
*''NHL 2000'' (EU/US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Noddy and the Birthday Party'' (EU Publisher: BBC)<br />
*''Robot Wars: Metal Mayhem'' (EU Publisher: BBC)<br />
*''Rocket Power: Gettin' Air'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Rugrats: Totally Angelica'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Stuart Little: The Journey Home'' (US/EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Toy Story 2'' (US Publisher: THQ; EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Toy Story Racer'' (US/EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Tweenies: Doodles' Bones'' (EU Publisher: BBC)<br />
<br />
===Super Famicom/Super NES===<br />
*''NBA Live 98'' (US Publisher: THQ)<br />
<br />
[[Category:WIP]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Tiertex&diff=26900Tiertex2023-04-26T06:51:31Z<p>TerokNor: cd-i</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:WIP}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
===3DO===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity / Flashback'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Electronic Arts Victor)<br />
<br />
===7800===<br />
*''Paperboy'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
*''Road Riot 4WD'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
*''Steel Talons'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
<br />
===Amiga===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Line of Fire'' (copy protection) (EU Publisher: Sega) [http://tcrf.net/Line_of_Fire_%28Amiga%29]<br />
:<small>Developer: Creative Materials; Music: Uncle Art</small><br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; US Publisher: Sega)<br />
<br />
===Amstrad CPC===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Black Tiger'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''UN Squadron'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===CD-i===<br />
*''Flashback'' (US/EU Publisher: Philips)<br />
<br />
===Commodore 64===<br />
*''1943'' (UK Publisher: GO!)<br />
*''720°'' (US Publisher: Mindscape, EU Publisher: U.S. Gold/Kixx)<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Days of Thunder'' (UK Publisher: Mindscape)<br />
*''Dynasty Wars'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold, EU Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''England Championship Special'' (EU Publisher: Grandslam Entertainment)<br />
*''Human Killing Machine'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US Publisher: Lucasfilm Games, UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Last Duel'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (US Publisher: Tengen, UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Street Fighter'' (UK Publisher: GO!)<br />
*''Strider'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Strider 2'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Class Soccer'' / ''Italy 1990'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Game Gear===<br />
*''Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf'' / ''Desert Strike'' (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''FIFA International Soccer'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts; JP Publisher: Electronic Arts Victor)<br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: Tec Toy)<br />
*''James Pond 2: Codename: RoboCod'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Journey from Darkness: Strider Returns'' (EU/US Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Madden NFL '95'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Madden '96'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl Software)<br />
*''Paperboy'' (US/EU Publisher: Tengen)<br />
*''Shaq Fu'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (EU/US Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Super Kick Off'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Super Space Invaders'' (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''World Class LeaderBoard Golf'' / ''World Class Leader Board'' (US/EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''World Cup USA '94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: Tec Toy)<br />
<br />
===Jaguar===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Supercross 2000'' (US Publisher: Atari)<br />
*''Top Fuel'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
<br />
===Mark III/Master System===<br />
*''Die Hard 2'' (unreleased) (Grandslam) [https://www.smspower.org/forums/9485-UnreleasedRumouredSMSGames?start=50#59994]<br />
*''Gauntlet'' (music) (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''GP Rider'' (EU/AU Publisher: Sega; BR Publisher: Tec Toy)<br />
*''Impossible Mission'' (sound) (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''James Pond 2: Codename: RoboCod'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold/Kixx)<br />
*''Klax'' (EU Publisher: Tengen) [https://twitter.com/re5etuk/status/1574529704434204672] [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/wayne-billingham]<br />
*''Olympic Gold: Barcelona '92'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Cup USA '94'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Mega CD/Sega CD===<br />
*''World Cup USA 94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Mega Drive/Genesis===<br />
*''Formula One'' / ''F1'' (music) (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
:<small>Development: Lankhor; Some graphics: The Kremlin</small><br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''International Rugby'' (EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Madden NFL 98'' (US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''MiG-29'' / ''MiG-29 Fighter Pilot'' (music) (JP Publisher: Tengen; US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
:<small>Programming: PanelComp; Graphics: The Kremlin</small><br />
*''NBA Live 98'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
:<small>Based on ''NBA Live 97'' which was by [[NuFX]]; Some producers and most testing: THQ</small><br />
*''Olympic Gold'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Olympic Summer Games'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl Software)<br />
*''Strider Returns: Journey from Darkness'' / ''Strider II'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Super Kick Off'' (EU Publisher: US Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''Turbo Out Run'' (JP/EU/AU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Winter Olympic Games'' / ''Winter Olympics'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Wolfenstein 3D'' (unreleased)<br />
*''World Class Leaderboard Golf'' / ''World Class Leader Board'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Cup USA 94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; SK Publisher: Samsung)<br />
<br />
===Super Famicom/Super NES===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity / Flashback'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold; EU Publisher: Sony Imagesoft; JP Publisher: Sunsoft)<br />
<br />
===ZX Spectrum===<br />
*''1943'' (UK Publisher: GO!; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''720º'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Black Tiger'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Days of Thunder'' (UK Publisher: Mindscape; ES Publisher: Dro Soft)<br />
*''Dynasty Wars'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold, EU Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Human Killing Machine'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade / Indiana Jones y la Ultima Cruzada'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Italy 1990 / Italia 1990'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Italy 1990: Winners Edition'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Last Duel'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Street Fighter'' (UK Publisher: GO!; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Strider'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Strider II'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
<br />
==As Tiertex Design Studios==<br />
===Game Boy===<br />
*''FIFA: Road to World Cup 98'' (EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Mulan'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Small Soldiers'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''World Cup 98'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Ace Lightning'' (EU Publisher: Gamezlab)<br />
*''Carrera Power Slide'' (EU Publisher: Stadlbauer)<br />
*''Galidor: Defenders of the Outer Dimension'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''MX 2002 featuring Ricky Carmichael'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Soccer Mania'' / ''Football Mania'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Color===<br />
*''Bob the Builder: Fix it Fun!'' (EU Publisher: BBC; US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''A Bug's Life'' (US Publisher: THQ; EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Championship Motocross 2001 Featuring Ricky Carmichael'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''F1 Championship Season 2000'' / ''F1 Championship Temporada 2000'' (EU Publisher: Electronic Arts; BR Publisher: Gradiente)<br />
*''FIFA 2000'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ; BR Publisher: Gradiente)<br />
*''Madden NFL 2000'' (EU/US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Men in Black: The Series'' (US Publisher: Crave Entertainment; EU Publisher: Interplay)<br />
*''NHL 2000'' (EU/US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Noddy and the Birthday Party'' (EU Publisher: BBC)<br />
*''Robot Wars: Metal Mayhem'' (EU Publisher: BBC)<br />
*''Rocket Power: Gettin' Air'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Rugrats: Totally Angelica'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Stuart Little: The Journey Home'' (US/EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Toy Story 2'' (US Publisher: THQ; EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Toy Story Racer'' (US/EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Tweenies: Doodles' Bones'' (EU Publisher: BBC)<br />
<br />
===Super Famicom/Super NES===<br />
*''NBA Live 98'' (US Publisher: THQ)<br />
<br />
[[Category:WIP]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Tiertex&diff=26896Tiertex2023-04-25T19:07:51Z<p>TerokNor: Flashback SNES</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:WIP}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
===3DO===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity / Flashback'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Electronic Arts Victor)<br />
<br />
===7800===<br />
*''Paperboy'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
*''Road Riot 4WD'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
*''Steel Talons'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
<br />
===Amiga===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Line of Fire'' (copy protection) (EU Publisher: Sega) [http://tcrf.net/Line_of_Fire_%28Amiga%29]<br />
:<small>Developer: Creative Materials; Music: Uncle Art</small><br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; US Publisher: Sega)<br />
<br />
===Amstrad CPC===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Black Tiger'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''UN Squadron'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Commodore 64===<br />
*''1943'' (UK Publisher: GO!)<br />
*''720°'' (US Publisher: Mindscape, EU Publisher: U.S. Gold/Kixx)<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Days of Thunder'' (UK Publisher: Mindscape)<br />
*''Dynasty Wars'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold, EU Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''England Championship Special'' (EU Publisher: Grandslam Entertainment)<br />
*''Human Killing Machine'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US Publisher: Lucasfilm Games, UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Last Duel'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (US Publisher: Tengen, UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Street Fighter'' (UK Publisher: GO!)<br />
*''Strider'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Strider 2'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Class Soccer'' / ''Italy 1990'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Ace Lightning'' (UK Publisher: BBC Multimedia)<br />
*''Carrera Power Slide'' (EU Publisher: Stadlbauer)<br />
*''Galidor: Defenders of the Outer Dimensions'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''MX 2002 featuring Ricky Carmichael'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Soccer Mania / Football Mania'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts; EU Publisher: Lego Media)<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Color===<br />
*''Bob the Builder: Fix it Fun! / Bob Le Bricoleur: Réparer C'est Gagné!'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Bug's Life, Disney/Pixar A'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Championship Motocross 2001 featuring Ricky Carmichael'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''F1 Championship Season 2000'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''FIFA 2000'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Madden NFL 2000'' (US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Men in Black: The Series'' (US/EU Publisher: Crave Entertainment)<br />
*''NHL 2000'' (US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Noddy and the Birthday Party'' (UK Publisher: BBC Multimedia)<br />
*''Robot Wars: Metal Mayhem'' (UK Publisher: BBC Multimedia)<br />
*''Rocket Power: Gettin' Air'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Rugrats: Totally Angelica'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Stuart Little: The Journey Home'' (US/EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Toy Story 2, Disney/Pixar'' (US Publisher: THQ; EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Toy Story Racer, Disney/Pixar'' (US/EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
<br />
===Game Gear===<br />
*''Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf'' / ''Desert Strike'' (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''FIFA International Soccer'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts; JP Publisher: Electronic Arts Victor)<br />
*''James Pond 2: Codename: RoboCod'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Madden NFL '95'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Madden '96'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
:<small>Producers and most testing: THQ</small><br />
*''Shaq Fu'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Super Space Invaders'' (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Jaguar===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Supercross 2000'' (US Publisher: Atari)<br />
*''Top Fuel'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
<br />
===Mark III/Master System===<br />
*''Die Hard 2'' (unreleased) (Grandslam) [https://www.smspower.org/forums/9485-UnreleasedRumouredSMSGames?start=50#59994]<br />
*''Gauntlet'' (music) (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''GP Rider'' (EU/AU Publisher: Sega; BR Publisher: Tec Toy)<br />
*''Impossible Mission'' (sound) (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''James Pond 2: Codename: RoboCod'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold/Kixx)<br />
*''Klax'' (EU Publisher: Tengen) [https://twitter.com/re5etuk/status/1574529704434204672] [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/wayne-billingham]<br />
*''Olympic Gold: Barcelona '92'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Cup USA '94'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Mega CD/Sega CD===<br />
*''World Cup USA 94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Mega Drive/Genesis===<br />
*''Formula One'' / ''F1'' (music) (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
:<small>Development: Lankhor; Some graphics: The Kremlin</small><br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''International Rugby'' (EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Madden NFL 98'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
:<small>Producers and most testing: THQ</small><br />
*''MiG-29'' / ''MiG-29 Fighter Pilot'' (music) (JP Publisher: Tengen; US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
:<small>Programming: PanelComp; Graphics: The Kremlin</small><br />
*''NBA Live 98'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
:<small>Based on ''NBA Live 97'' which was by [[NuFX]]; Some producers and most testing: THQ</small><br />
*''Olympic Gold'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Olympic Summer Games'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl Software)<br />
*''Strider Returns: Journey from Darkness'' / ''Strider II'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Super Kick Off'' (EU Publisher: US Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''Turbo Out Run'' (JP/EU/AU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Winter Olympic Games'' / ''Winter Olympics'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Wolfenstein 3D'' (unreleased)<br />
*''World Class Leaderboard Golf'' / ''World Class Leader Board'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Cup USA 94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; SK Publisher: Samsung)<br />
<br />
===Super Famicom/Super NES===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity / Flashback'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold; EU Publisher: Sony Imagesoft; JP Publisher: Sunsoft)<br />
<br />
===ZX Spectrum===<br />
*''1943'' (UK Publisher: GO!; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''720º'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Black Tiger'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Days of Thunder'' (UK Publisher: Mindscape; ES Publisher: Dro Soft)<br />
*''Dynasty Wars'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold, EU Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Human Killing Machine'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade / Indiana Jones y la Ultima Cruzada'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Italy 1990 / Italia 1990'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Italy 1990: Winners Edition'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Last Duel'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Street Fighter'' (UK Publisher: GO!; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Strider'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Strider II'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
<br />
[[Category:WIP]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Tiertex&diff=26895Tiertex2023-04-25T19:02:57Z<p>TerokNor: /* Jaguar */ + Flashback</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Template:WIP}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
===3DO===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity / Flashback'' (US Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Electronic Arts Victor)<br />
<br />
===7800===<br />
*''Paperboy'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
*''Road Riot 4WD'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
*''Steel Talons'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
<br />
===Amiga===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Line of Fire'' (copy protection) (EU Publisher: Sega) [http://tcrf.net/Line_of_Fire_%28Amiga%29]<br />
:<small>Developer: Creative Materials; Music: Uncle Art</small><br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; US Publisher: Sega)<br />
<br />
===Amstrad CPC===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Black Tiger'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''UN Squadron'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Commodore 64===<br />
*''1943'' (UK Publisher: GO!)<br />
*''720°'' (US Publisher: Mindscape, EU Publisher: U.S. Gold/Kixx)<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Days of Thunder'' (UK Publisher: Mindscape)<br />
*''Dynasty Wars'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold, EU Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''England Championship Special'' (EU Publisher: Grandslam Entertainment)<br />
*''Human Killing Machine'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US Publisher: Lucasfilm Games, UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Last Duel'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (US Publisher: Tengen, UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Street Fighter'' (UK Publisher: GO!)<br />
*''Strider'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Strider 2'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Class Soccer'' / ''Italy 1990'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Ace Lightning'' (UK Publisher: BBC Multimedia)<br />
*''Carrera Power Slide'' (EU Publisher: Stadlbauer)<br />
*''Galidor: Defenders of the Outer Dimensions'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''MX 2002 featuring Ricky Carmichael'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Soccer Mania / Football Mania'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts; EU Publisher: Lego Media)<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Color===<br />
*''Bob the Builder: Fix it Fun! / Bob Le Bricoleur: Réparer C'est Gagné!'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Bug's Life, Disney/Pixar A'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Championship Motocross 2001 featuring Ricky Carmichael'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''F1 Championship Season 2000'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''FIFA 2000'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Madden NFL 2000'' (US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Men in Black: The Series'' (US/EU Publisher: Crave Entertainment)<br />
*''NHL 2000'' (US Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Noddy and the Birthday Party'' (UK Publisher: BBC Multimedia)<br />
*''Robot Wars: Metal Mayhem'' (UK Publisher: BBC Multimedia)<br />
*''Rocket Power: Gettin' Air'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Rugrats: Totally Angelica'' (US/EU Publisher: THQ)<br />
*''Stuart Little: The Journey Home'' (US/EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Toy Story 2, Disney/Pixar'' (US Publisher: THQ; EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Toy Story Racer, Disney/Pixar'' (US/EU Publisher: Activision)<br />
<br />
===Game Gear===<br />
*''Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf'' / ''Desert Strike'' (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''FIFA International Soccer'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts; JP Publisher: Electronic Arts Victor)<br />
*''James Pond 2: Codename: RoboCod'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Madden NFL '95'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Madden '96'' (US/EU Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
:<small>Producers and most testing: THQ</small><br />
*''Shaq Fu'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
*''Super Space Invaders'' (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Jaguar===<br />
*''Flashback: The Quest for Identity'' (US Publisher: US Gold)<br />
*''Supercross 2000'' (US Publisher: Atari)<br />
*''Top Fuel'' (unreleased) (Atari)<br />
<br />
===Mark III/Master System===<br />
*''Die Hard 2'' (unreleased) (Grandslam) [https://www.smspower.org/forums/9485-UnreleasedRumouredSMSGames?start=50#59994]<br />
*''Gauntlet'' (music) (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''GP Rider'' (EU/AU Publisher: Sega; BR Publisher: Tec Toy)<br />
*''Impossible Mission'' (sound) (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''James Pond 2: Codename: RoboCod'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold/Kixx)<br />
*''Klax'' (EU Publisher: Tengen) [https://twitter.com/re5etuk/status/1574529704434204672] [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/wayne-billingham]<br />
*''Olympic Gold: Barcelona '92'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Cup USA '94'' (EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Mega CD/Sega CD===<br />
*''World Cup USA 94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
<br />
===Mega Drive/Genesis===<br />
*''Formula One'' / ''F1'' (music) (US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
:<small>Development: Lankhor; Some graphics: The Kremlin</small><br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''International Rugby'' (EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Madden NFL 98'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
:<small>Producers and most testing: THQ</small><br />
*''MiG-29'' / ''MiG-29 Fighter Pilot'' (music) (JP Publisher: Tengen; US/EU Publisher: Domark)<br />
:<small>Programming: PanelComp; Graphics: The Kremlin</small><br />
*''NBA Live 98'' (US Publisher: Electronic Arts)<br />
:<small>Based on ''NBA Live 97'' which was by [[NuFX]]; Some producers and most testing: THQ</small><br />
*''Olympic Gold'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Olympic Summer Games'' (US/EU Publisher: Black Pearl Software)<br />
*''Strider Returns: Journey from Darkness'' / ''Strider II'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Super Kick Off'' (EU Publisher: US Gold; BR Publisher: TecToy)<br />
*''Turbo Out Run'' (JP/EU/AU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Winter Olympic Games'' / ''Winter Olympics'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; JP Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Wolfenstein 3D'' (unreleased)<br />
*''World Class Leaderboard Golf'' / ''World Class Leader Board'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''World Cup USA 94'' (US/EU Publisher: U.S. Gold; SK Publisher: Samsung)<br />
<br />
===ZX Spectrum===<br />
*''1943'' (UK Publisher: GO!; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''720º'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Alien Storm'' (EU Publisher: Sega)<br />
*''Black Tiger'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
*''Days of Thunder'' (UK Publisher: Mindscape; ES Publisher: Dro Soft)<br />
*''Dynasty Wars'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold, EU Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Human Killing Machine'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade / Indiana Jones y la Ultima Cruzada'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Italy 1990 / Italia 1990'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Italy 1990: Winners Edition'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Last Duel'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Rolling Thunder'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Street Fighter'' (UK Publisher: GO!; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
*''Strider'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Strider II'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
*''Thunder Blade'' (UK Publisher: U.S. Gold; ES Publisher: Erbe Software)<br />
:<small>Graphics: Blue Turtle</small><br />
<br />
[[Category:WIP]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26761User:TerokNor2023-03-16T21:10:17Z<p>TerokNor: /* Mindscape */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987.[http://www.bionictoad.com/budokan/] Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House. Infogrames closed the studio around 2003 and many developers went on to found Sumo Digital.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990. Earlier, the original Mindscape also had in-house development in their original location in the Chicago area.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area in July 1992[https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/award-award-bright-star-has-been-acquired-by-sierra/QAHxR7wumxPf-Q]. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis [https://ogdb.eu/index.php?section=company&companyid=4021]. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony.[https://www.gamezone.com/news/sony_acquires_red_zone_interactive/] SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26622User:TerokNor2023-02-03T13:38:01Z<p>TerokNor: /* Sony */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987.[http://www.bionictoad.com/budokan/] Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House. Infogrames closed the studio around 2003 and many developers went on to found Sumo Digital.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area in July 1992[https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/award-award-bright-star-has-been-acquired-by-sierra/QAHxR7wumxPf-Q]. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis [https://ogdb.eu/index.php?section=company&companyid=4021]. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony.[https://www.gamezone.com/news/sony_acquires_red_zone_interactive/] SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26394User:TerokNor2022-12-14T20:32:26Z<p>TerokNor: /* Sony */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987.[http://www.bionictoad.com/budokan/] Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House. Infogrames closed the studio around 2003 and many developers went on to found Sumo Digital.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area in July 1992[https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/award-award-bright-star-has-been-acquired-by-sierra/QAHxR7wumxPf-Q]. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony.[https://www.gamezone.com/news/sony_acquires_red_zone_interactive/] SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26373User:TerokNor2022-12-09T13:38:07Z<p>TerokNor: /* Sierra */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987.[http://www.bionictoad.com/budokan/] Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House. Infogrames closed the studio around 2003 and many developers went on to found Sumo Digital.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area in July 1992[https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/award-award-bright-star-has-been-acquired-by-sierra/QAHxR7wumxPf-Q]. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony. SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26294User:TerokNor2022-11-19T13:08:04Z<p>TerokNor: /* Electronic Arts */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987.[http://www.bionictoad.com/budokan/] Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House. Infogrames closed the studio around 2003 and many developers went on to found Sumo Digital.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area ca. 1992. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony. SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=26191NetherRealm Studios2022-10-21T09:53:44Z<p>TerokNor: + Wheelman, FEAR 3</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''', from 1999 as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''. Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
*''Splat!''<br />
*''Star Rider''<br />
*''Turkey Shoot'' (design, graphics)<br />
:<small>programming by Games Alive!, Inc.</small><br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Power Up Baseball'' (unreleased, location test only) (design) [https://gamehistory.org/powerupbaseball/]<br />
:<small>co-design/programming/art by Incredible Technologies</small><br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Tournament Edition''<br />
*''Spy Hunter''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-02''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
*''Wheelman''<br />
:<small>supporting Midway Newcastle</small><br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
:<small>with JGI Entertainment</small><br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
*''Wheelman''<br />
:<small>supporting Midway Newcastle</small><br />
<br />
==As WB Games Chicago==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''F.3.A.R.'' (multiplayer development) (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''F.3.A.R.'' (multiplayer development) (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===iOS===<br />
*''Batman: Arkham City Lockdown''<br />
*''Batman: Arkham Origins''<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X''<br />
*''WWE Immortals''<br />
:<small>with Phosphor Studios</small><br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26140User:TerokNor2022-10-02T09:27:35Z<p>TerokNor: /* Gremlin */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987. Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House. Infogrames closed the studio around 2003 and many developers went on to found Sumo Digital.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area ca. 1992. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony. SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26116User:TerokNor2022-09-24T08:58:28Z<p>TerokNor: /* Sierra */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987. Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area ca. 1992. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue continued until Summer 2004, when the Bellevue office was shut down [https://allowe.com/games/larry/history-of-larry/magna-cum-laude.html]. The last released games were Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title was "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony. SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=MicroProse_Leeds&diff=26044MicroProse Leeds2022-09-06T14:19:26Z<p>TerokNor: rv Death or Glory, which was apparently a working title for Dogfight</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
'''Vektor Grafix Ltd.''', based in Leeds, was founded in June 1987 by Andy Craven and Danny Gallagher. The company specialised in 3D games on early home computers. It was acquired in 1992 by MicroProse to become an internal studio. It was shut down in late 1993 after MicroProse merged with Spectrum HoloByte. Afterwards, former employees Ciaran Gultnieks, Mark Griffiths and Ian Martin set up The Software Refinery in Leeds[https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,13414/]; others including Dominic Robinson and Derrick Austin joined Psygnosis' new studio in [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]].<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), Print, shared staff, direct mentions<br />
<br />
==As Vektor Grafix==<br />
<br />
===Acorn Electron===<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Amiga===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' / ''Strike Aces'' (UK Publisher: Activision; US Publisher: Accolade)<br />
*''The Killing Cloud'' / ''Killing Cloud'' (EU Publisher: Image Works; US Publisher: Konami)<br />
*''Shuttle'' (EU Publisher: Virgin)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Amstrad CPC===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' (UK Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' (UK Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''The Killing Cloud'' (EU Publisher: Image Works)<br />
*''Shuttle'' (EU Publisher: Virgin)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===BBC Micro===<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Commodore 64===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' (UK Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark; US Publisher: Brøderbund)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===DOS===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' / ''Strike Aces'' (UK Publisher: Activision; US Publisher: Accolade)<br />
*''The Killing Cloud'' / ''Killing Cloud'' (EU Publisher: Image Works; US Publisher: Konami)<br />
*''Shuttle'' (EU/US Publisher: Virgin)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark; US Publisher: Brøderbund)<br />
<br />
===ZX Spectrum===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' (UK Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
==As MicroProse Leeds==<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''B-17 Flying Fortress'' (EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Dogfight'' (EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Commodore Amiga===<br />
*''B-17 Flying Fortress'' (EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Dogfight'' (EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===DOS===<br />
*''B-17 Flying Fortress'' (EU/US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Dogfight'' / ''Air Duel'' (EU/US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Howard, Jonathan Lee. Letter. ''Edge'' No. 2, November 1993, p. 102, ''Future Publishing'', https://archive.org/details/EDGE.N002.1993.11-Escapade/page/n101/mode/2up <br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/64/bomber.htm A Rock Star Ate My Computer - Vektor Grafix profile in CRASH No. 64, May 1989] <br />
*[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1992/07/13/microprose-buys-vektor-grafix-for-more-than-fun-and-games/e7ef1ec5-7249-4a6a-b44b-5d173d70fbec/ MicroProse buys Vektor Grafix for more than fun and games - Washington Post, 1992/07/13]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Companies]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in Leeds]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26043User:TerokNor2022-09-06T13:48:43Z<p>TerokNor: /* Sierra */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987. Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area ca. 1992. The 1993 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue lasted until about 2004/2005, the last released games being Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title being "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony. SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:TerokNor&diff=26042User:TerokNor2022-09-06T13:48:14Z<p>TerokNor: /* Sierra */</p>
<hr />
<div>My interest is mostly in Western developers. While they are ususally credited (usually without pseudonyms), it might not always be clear which studio or company they worked for, especially if they work for a larger publisher that has several studios or publishes both in-house and external projects.<br />
<br />
Here is a (very much incomplete) list of companies of interest:<br />
<br />
===Activision===<br />
Their early days as the first third-party VCS developer are relatively well-known. In-house development apparently continued for some time after the crash but might have stopped in the late 80s/early 90s. When they acquired Infocom, some developers might have moved to the west coast. In the mid-to-late 90s, there was an in-house studio in Santa Monica, probably responsible for MechWarrior 2, Heavy Gear, Interstate 76, Star Trek: Armada, Call to Power etc. In the UK in the 80s, there was an in-house group called Software Studios, which might have done in-house development or just coordinated external development.<br />
<br />
===Amaze Entertainment===<br />
Originally KnowWonder, changed name in 1999. Acquired [[Realtime Associates Seattle Division]] in 1999, which became Griptonite, and created Adrenium as a new studio. The three studios apparently co-existed for some time, but games were released under the various brands over the years, no matter where they were developed.<br />
<br />
===Bethesda===<br />
The main location in Maryland is well-known, but the company acquired Flashpoint Productions in Washington state in 1995 and kept it as a west coast development subsidiary. What was developed there and how long the location lasted is unclear. [https://www.mobygames.com/company/flashpoint-productions-inc] [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,1082/]<br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
Had various studios all over England - Portsmouth/Fareham, London, Brighton, Notthingham, and one in Los Angeles/Santa Monica. All were known under various names and brands over the years.<br />
<br />
===Codemasters===<br />
HQ based in Warwickshire (Leamington Spa or Southam). Had additional studios in Guildford, Cheshire (formerly Evolution Studios), Birmingham (formerly Sega Racing Studio), Oakhurst, California (formerly Sierra/Yosemite Entertainment) as well as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Coktel Vision===<br />
Had development locations in Paris and Bordeaux. Might also have published external projects in the early days.<br />
<br />
===Dementia===<br />
A development team headed by Kevin Bulmer, based in or near Birmingham. Bulmer was also involved with Dimension Creative Designs and Synthetic Dimensions, which might all have been the same entity under different names.<br />
<br />
===Domark===<br />
Had an in-house development team called The Kremlin. Continued development into the mid-90s after acquision by Eidos, but not for long.<br />
<br />
===Electronic Arts===<br />
US in-house development didn't start until ca. 1987. Became Redwood Shores on EA's move to Redwood, later Visceral Games. Mutant Productions (and possibly Hitmen, though that might have been Canada) were probably internal teams. In the UK, in-house development (Chertsey?) began in the mid-90s and later merged with Bullfrog (Guildford) to become a single UK studio, later known as EA Bright Light, shut down in 2011. The short-lived EA Manchester developed Privateer 2, many of its developers later founded Warthog. Another UK studio was EA Northwest in Warrington, responsible for FIFA 2003 on PS1. In 2003, EA acquired Studio 33 and moved it from Liverpool to Warrington [https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ea-acquires-studio-33/1100-6076929/]. It was shut down in 2006 [https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171006warrington]. A German in-house studio developed football managers in the early 2000s.<br />
:[https://guildford.games/developers/electronic-arts-uk Overview of EA's UK studio at guildford.games]<br />
:[https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/ea-chertsey-facility-to-close/ EA Chertsey facility to close]<br />
<br />
===Gremlin===<br />
Based in Sheffield. Published both in-house and external projects. Had a Derby development location (whose developers later formed Core Design) as well as development operations in Ireland and [[Gremlin Lincoln|Lincoln]]. There was also a Birmingham team that apparently operated out of the U.S. Gold offices. Acquired by Infogrames in 1999/2000 with the Sheffield studio becoming Infogrames Sheffield House.<br />
<br />
===Impressions===<br />
Originally a publisher based in the UK, with their games developed by freelancers like Ed Grabowski and Simon Bradbury (whose team might have been called Golden Sector). Opened a US office in 1992 which eventually formed an in-house development group: artists like Chris Beatrice, Heidi Mann, Dennis Rose, Andrea Muzeroll, Scot Forbes, Chin‑Mei Yu, Mike Malone, Darrin Horbal, programmers like Dean Lawson, Thanh Pham, Chris Gurski, Chris Plakyda, Mike Gingerich, Tony Hosier, designers like Jeffrey Fiske, Gregor Koomey, Steven Serafino, Doug Gonya. I can't tell if there was ever actual in-house development in the UK, it might all have been freelance. After the company's demise, most of the former US developers founded Tilted Mill, some UK (like Bradbury, Andrew Prime) and US (like Eric Ouellette, Horbal) developers founded Firefly Studios.<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/simon-bradbury-sierra/ Simon Bradbury interview]<br />
*[https://www.arcadeattack.co.uk/chris-beatrice-sierra/ Chris Beatrice interview]<br />
*[https://bendelow.myportfolio.com/about Gary Bendelow CV]<br />
*[https://slapworth.org/portfolio/impressions-games/ Chris Foster portfolio]<br />
*[http://www.dphstudioz.com/resume.html Darrin Horbal resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513101536/http://heidimann.com/ Heidi Mann resume]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030716015400/http://scotforbes.com/art_resume.html Scot Forbes resume]<br />
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=rx-PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false Chapter about Impressions in founder David Lester's book "How They Started in Tough Times"]<br />
<br />
===Infogrames===<br />
Based in Lyon. Published internal and external projects. Later acquired a Paris studio from Psygnosis, Ocean and Gremlin in the UK and Beam Software/Melbourne House in Australia.<br />
<br />
===Krome===<br />
Originally based in Brisbane, with a second studio in Adelaide. Acquired Beam Software/Melbourne House which became Krome Studios Melbourne.<br />
<br />
===Looking Glass===<br />
The games developed at the main office in Cambridge, MA, are well-known and acclaimed, but the company also had offices in Redmond and Austin. The Austin office, led by Warren Spector, did not last long and only did concept and/or prototype work before it was shut down and a group of developers moved to create Ion Storm's Austin studio. The Redmond studio might have arisen from LG's new owner Intermetrics. They were most likely responsible for console development, including the N64 games the company released.<br />
<br />
===MicroProse===<br />
Headquarters based in [[Atari Hunt Valley|Hunt Valley]]. For a few years, in-house development was unter the "MPS Labs" label. Merged with Spectrum HoloByte (then in Alameda) in 1993/1994. Spectrum changed its name to MicroProse, Inc. in 1997 and all games were released under the MicroProse brand, no matter whether developed in Alameda or Hunt Valley. Company later acquired by Hasbro, then Atari, and the MicroProse label vanished. Last Hunt Valley project was D&D Heroes (Xbox), last Alameda project was ST:TNG Birth of the Federation. Acquisitions made: [[Paragon Software]], [[MicroProse Chapel Hill|Shadowmasters]], SimTex, [[MicroProse Leeds|Vektor Grafix]] (UK). Other UK studios existed, one in Manchester (closed 1993), at least one in Chipping Sodbury (UK HQ) and/or Stroud. UK studio(s) developed Amiga and ST ports of US games as well as originals like X-COM: Terror from the Deep, Tinhead, Impossible Mission 2025.<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/pc-review-20/page/34/mode/2up article on the UK studios in PC Review (UK), Issue 20, page 34]<br />
*California entities relevant regarding Holobyte: C1825119 (Spectrum Holobyte, Inc.), C1194609 (Sphere, Inc.)<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hasbro-talks-microprose/1100-2440388/ Hasbro closes studios in Alameda and Chapel Hill]<br />
*[http://www.twilightzone.org/artstew/html/ss_res.htm Alameda artist Stewart Stanyard's resume]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_187/page/n37/ CGW story about studio closure, mentions cancelled projects]<br />
*[https://www.gamespot.com/articles/microprose-cant-confirm-master-of-orion-iii/1100-2446612/ Gamespot story mentioning Master of Magic II being developed in Alameda by the Birth of the Federation team before its closure]<br />
<br />
===Midway===<br />
HQ based in Chicago, continues to exist as [[NetherRealm Studios]]. Midway Home Entertainment was based in San Diego and used to be Leland Interactive/Cinematronics. San Diego was later acquired by THQ. Midway Games West was the former Atari Games, which used to be the arcade division of the original Atari.<br />
:[http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of.html The Ultimate (So Far) History of Cinematronics/Vectorbeam]<br />
<br />
===Mindscape===<br />
Appears to have had internal development in the UK in the 90s - Outlander, Out to Lunch, Cyberspeed, Warhammer. Many developers seem to have gone straight on to EA. Did EA maybe acquire Mindscape's UK operations outright? US development also existed - Chessmaster games, Mario educational titles, Wing Commander SNES, Starwinder, Steel Harbinger. Going by shared credits, the US operation was the continuation of The Software Toolworks' in-house development after their acquisition of Mindscape in 1990.<br />
<br />
===Ocean===<br />
Based in Manchester. Had an in-house team from at least 1984 on. Published internal and external projects. Had development subsidiaries in [[Ocean of America|the US]] and France. Manchester in-house team was called Tribe in the mid-90s. Acquired by Infogrames in 1996. Last project might have been Silver (1999).<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/04/news.htm Crash Issue 4, story about Chris Urquhart joining Ocean's in-house team]<br />
<br />
===Perfect Entertainment===<br />
Created by a merger of Teeny Weeny Games and Perfect 10 Productions - development might have continued as two distinct studios. Australian studio Tantalus also was related to Perfect and might have been an in-house studio at some point (but certainly outlived Perfect).<br />
<br />
===Probe Software===<br />
Probe's name was ubiquitous in the 80s and 90s, appearing on loads of titles, but especially in the early days all work was done by freelancers contracted for single projects. An in-house team wasn't created until the late 80s.<br />
:[https://archive.org/details/AmstradComputerUser45-0888/page/n23/mode/2up Amstrad Computer User No. 45, p. 24]<br />
:[https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/the-making-of-frostbite/ Retro Gamer: The Making of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper]<br />
<br />
===Psygnosis===<br />
HQ based in Liverpool. Published both internal and external projects. After they were acquired by Sony in 1993, they expanded with studios in London, [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]], Chester, Paris and [[Psygnosis Leeds|Leeds]], and Manchester [https://twitter.com/haydndalton/status/1475226258225123332]. Most were shut down, Paris was sold to Infogrames (might have become Infogrames Paris House), London was merged into Sony's London Studio and Liverpool was the last to shut down in 2012.<br />
<br />
===Rage===<br />
Originally based in Liverpool, with a second studio in Newcastle. Acquired Digital Image Design (Rage Warrington), Wayward Design (Rage Bristol), RGB Tree ([[Rage Leeds]]) and two studios in Scotland. Further locations in Birmingham and Sheffield. According to [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114 this article] they had ten studios in 2000, so that's one additional one missing.<br />
:Rage Liverpool<br />
::Striker 95 [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Revolution X (Saturn) (package credits Software Creations, not Rage) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Doom (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Daklight Conflict (Saturn) [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Incoming/Incoming: The Final Conflict [https://uk.linkedin.com/in/alan-webb-51087257]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (Dreamcast port) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Wild Wild Racing [https://citywire.co.uk/wealth-manager/news/rage-software-to-launch-wild-wild-racing-in-q4/a207114]<br />
::Rolling (incomplete at time of Rage's closure, finished by Indy Games; GameCube version unreleased) [https://www.neowin.net/news/rage-announces-rocky-for-gamecube/]<br />
:Rage Newcastle<br />
::Revolution X (Mega Drive) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Under Pressure (unreleased) [https://www.unseen64.net/2021/06/04/under-pressure-rage-software-cancelled/]<br />
::Expendable/Millennium Soldier: Expendable (PC, PS) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::NYPD: Enforcer (unreleased) [https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,15939/]<br />
::Rocky (directly named in credits)<br />
<br />
===Rainbow Arts===<br />
Major German publisher of the 1980s, which had at least some internal development. Evolved into Softgold, later Funsoft, then THQ. It's unclear when internal development stopped.<br />
<br />
===Rebellion===<br />
Originally based in Oxford. Acquired lots of other UK developers, operating as satellites: Core Design (Derby), TickTock (Yorkshire), Radiant Worlds (Warwick), Strangelite (Liverpool).<br />
<br />
===Sierra===<br />
Mostly based in Oakhurst. HQ moved to the Seattle area (Bellevue) in 1993; development remained at Oakhurst at first, but was done in both locations later. The Oakhurst studio was later renamed to Yosemite Entertainment and then shut down in 1999 (last released project: Quest for Glory V; projects in progress at the time of closure: Babylon 5: Into the Fire, Middle-earth Online, Navy SEALs). Sierra had also acquired Bright Star Technology in the Seattle area ca. 1992. The 1995/96 move might have been a merger or Bright Star might have continued as its own entity. Development in Bellevue lasted until about 2004/2005, the last released games being Hoyle Casino titles, an unreleased title being "Jonny Drama: Beatnik Secret Agent".<br />
:[http://programmerjoe.com/2007/05/28/whatever-happened-to-middle-earth-online/ Whatever happened to Middle-Earth Online, Joe Ludwig’s blog]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpiel Jason Piel's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://www.linkedin.com/in/rabih-aboujaoudé-9719195/ Rabih AbouJaoudé's LinkedIn]<br />
:[https://historylink.org/file/20919 On May 25, 1993, The Seattle Times reports on computer-game company Sierra On-Line's upcoming move from California to Bellevue.]<br />
<br />
===Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)===<br />
Based in Mountain View. Published both in-house and externally-developed games. Key in-house developers included Keith Brors [http://www.2by3games.com/9943.html], Chuck Kroegel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Kroegel] and Russell Brown [https://www.linkedin.com/in/russell-brown-05b7473]. SSI's internal teams also supported external developers. After various acquisitions (Learning Company, Mindscape, Mattel) team members were integrated into the larger corporation and might have contributed to other projects not sporting the SSI logo. Last SSI game proper was probably Panzer General III: Scorched Earth (2000), though the SSI brand was used until at least 2002.<br />
:[https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/WarGames.html 1985 article in Antic]<br />
<br />
===Sony===<br />
US in-house development was first called Sony Interactive Studios America, later 989 Studios, probably based in Foster City. Might have originally been a US office of Psygnosis. Then there was Red Zone, a studio founded by former SISA employees, but based in San Diego, which was later bought by Sony. SolWorks in Carlsbad was also an acquisition. If any of these California studios somehow relate to the Santa Monica studio of God of War fame is unclear. In the UK, there was Team Soho in London, later merged with Psygnosis London/Sony Camden to become London Studio. There was also a short-lived studio in Manchester that was closed before releasing any games.<br />
<br />
===Sumo Digital===<br />
Has studios in Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle, Leamington Spa (Sumo and Lab42), Warrington, Brighton (The Chinese Room), Leeds (Red Kite Games) and one in Pune, India.<br />
<br />
===Totally Games===<br />
Arose from Lawrence Holland's team at Lucasfilm/LucasArts. Originally Peregrine Software, incorporated in November 1993 (CA company entity C1877428). While Holland was always freelance, many of his team were apparently Lucas employees since they not only worked on Holland's flight sims, but also the SCUMM adventure games. When and how they moved to the new company is unclear.<br />
<br />
===Ubisoft===<br />
Began as a distributor/publisher, but also had in-house development, in such locations in Brittany as the Château de la Grée de Callac (though the developers there might have just been freelance) and later in Carentoir. Starting from the mid- or late 90s there was development in Paris - if that is related to any of the earlier French studios is unclear. How the entity Ludimedia relates is also unclear.<br />
<br />
===U.S. Gold===<br />
Based in Birmingham. One of the largest UK publishers in the 80s. Had some in-house development (like the Gauntlet ports and some AD&D games), but some of the team working out of their offices actually were part of Gremlin. Established Silicon Dreams as a new internal studio in 1994.<br />
<br />
===Virgin===<br />
Had UK in-house development team "Gang of Five" in the 80s, and a studio in London in the 90s, which might not necessarily be the same entity. Had a US studio in California from ca. 1991/1992 on. This probably became Burst and then Westwood Pacific, later EA Pacific.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=MicroProse_Leeds&diff=25683MicroProse Leeds2022-06-23T17:21:41Z<p>TerokNor: added successors</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
'''Vektor Grafix Ltd.''', based in Leeds, was founded in June 1987 by Andy Craven and Danny Gallagher. The company specialised in 3D games on early home computers. It was acquired in 1992 by MicroProse to become an internal studio. It was shut down in late 1993 after MicroProse merged with Spectrum HoloByte. Afterwards, former employees Ciaran Gultnieks, Mark Griffiths and Ian Martin set up The Software Refinery in Leeds[https://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/bio/developerId,13414/]; others including Dominic Robinson and Derrick Austin joined Psygnosis' new studio in [[The Wheelhaus|Stroud]].<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), Print, shared staff, direct mentions<br />
<br />
==As Vektor Grafix==<br />
<br />
===Acorn Electron===<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Amiga===<br />
*''Death or Glory'' (unreleased) [https://archive.org/details/theone-magazine-37/page/n15/mode/2up]<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' / ''Strike Aces'' (UK Publisher: Activision; US Publisher: Accolade)<br />
*''The Killing Cloud'' / ''Killing Cloud'' (EU Publisher: Image Works; US Publisher: Konami)<br />
*''Shuttle'' (EU Publisher: Virgin)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Amstrad CPC===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' (UK Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' (UK Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''The Killing Cloud'' (EU Publisher: Image Works)<br />
*''Shuttle'' (EU Publisher: Virgin)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===BBC Micro===<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===Commodore 64===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' (UK Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark; US Publisher: Brøderbund)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
===DOS===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' / ''Strike Aces'' (UK Publisher: Activision; US Publisher: Accolade)<br />
*''The Killing Cloud'' / ''Killing Cloud'' (EU Publisher: Image Works; US Publisher: Konami)<br />
*''Shuttle'' (EU/US Publisher: Virgin)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark; US Publisher: Brøderbund)<br />
<br />
===ZX Spectrum===<br />
*''Fighter Bomber'' (UK Publisher: Activision)<br />
*''Star Wars'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
*''Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back'' (UK Publisher: Domark)<br />
<br />
==As MicroProse Leeds==<br />
<br />
===Atari ST===<br />
*''B-17 Flying Fortress'' (EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Dogfight'' (EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===Commodore Amiga===<br />
*''B-17 Flying Fortress'' (EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Dogfight'' (EU Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
===DOS===<br />
*''B-17 Flying Fortress'' (EU/US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
*''Dogfight'' / ''Air Duel'' (EU/US Publisher: MicroProse)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Howard, Jonathan Lee. Letter. ''Edge'' No. 2, November 1993, p. 102, ''Future Publishing'', https://archive.org/details/EDGE.N002.1993.11-Escapade/page/n101/mode/2up <br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[http://www.crashonline.org.uk/64/bomber.htm A Rock Star Ate My Computer - Vektor Grafix profile in CRASH No. 64, May 1989] <br />
*[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1992/07/13/microprose-buys-vektor-grafix-for-more-than-fun-and-games/e7ef1ec5-7249-4a6a-b44b-5d173d70fbec/ MicroProse buys Vektor Grafix for more than fun and games - Washington Post, 1992/07/13]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Companies]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in Leeds]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25649NetherRealm Studios2022-06-10T12:16:47Z<p>TerokNor: /* As NetherRealm Studios */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''', from 1999 as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''. Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
*''Splat!''<br />
*''Star Rider''<br />
*''Turkey Shoot'' (design, graphics)<br />
:<small>programming by Games Alive!, Inc.</small><br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Power Up Baseball'' (unreleased, location test only) (design) [https://gamehistory.org/powerupbaseball/]<br />
:<small>co-design/programming/art by Incredible Technologies</small><br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Tournament Edition''<br />
*''Spy Hunter''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-02''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
:<small>with JGI Entertainment</small><br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===iOS===<br />
*''Batman: Arkham City Lockdown''<br />
*''Batman: Arkham Origins''<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X''<br />
*''WWE Immortals''<br />
:<small>with Phosphor Studios</small><br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25648NetherRealm Studios2022-06-10T10:51:51Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Williams Electronics */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''', from 1999 as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''. Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
*''Splat!''<br />
*''Star Rider''<br />
*''Turkey Shoot'' (design, graphics)<br />
:<small>programming by Games Alive!, Inc.</small><br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Power Up Baseball'' (unreleased, location test only) (design) [https://gamehistory.org/powerupbaseball/]<br />
:<small>co-design/programming/art by Incredible Technologies</small><br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Tournament Edition''<br />
*''Spy Hunter''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-02''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
:<small>with JGI Entertainment</small><br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25644Talk:NetherRealm Studios2022-06-09T21:51:08Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>Should this entry be split up? NetherRealm Studios seems far enough removed from the old Williams games to do so. [[User:CRV|CRV]] ([[User talk:CRV|talk]]) 02:27, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
:Well, I intentionally all put it into one page, because going by shared credits you can draw a direct line from Defender (or at least Sinistar and Joust) to NetherRealm. John Newcomer was there for Joust and Joust 2 up to High Impact Football, which was Ed Boon's first game, and he's still there. Warren Davis' book makes clear that the Williams of Joust 2 and the Midway of MK and NBA Jam are the same entity. Sal DiVita worked on NBA Jam as well as on the console sports titles more than a decade later. People from those games worked on Stranglehold, people from that on the latest MKs and Injustices, and so on. I don't think you can make a clean cut anywhere. I think it's also a good way to show that Bally Midway and the 90s Midway are completely separate entities - Colin and Nauman on their site point out that people often throw in Defender with Rampage as "Midway games", even though they were made by completely unrelated (at the time) companies. [[User:TerokNor|TerokNor]] ([[User talk:TerokNor|talk]]) 21:48, 9 June 2022 (UTC)</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25643Talk:NetherRealm Studios2022-06-09T21:48:22Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>Should this entry be split up? NetherRealm Studios seems far enough removed from the old Williams games to do so. [[User:CRV|CRV]] ([[User talk:CRV|talk]]) 02:27, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
:Well, I intentionally all put it into one page, because going by shared credits you can draw a direct line from Defender (or at least Sinistar and Joust) to NetherRealm. John Newcomer was there for Joust and Joust 2 up to High Impact Football, which was Ed Boon's first game, and he' still there. Warren Davis' book makes clear that the Williams of Joust 2 and the Midway of MK and NBA Jam are the same entity. Sal DiVita worked on NBA Jam as well as on the console sports titles more than a decade later. People from those games worked on Stranglehold, people from that on the latest MKs and Injustices, and so on. I don't think you can make a clean cut anywhere. I think it's also a good way to show that Bally Midway and the 90s Midway are completely separate entities - Colin and Nauman on their site point out that people often throw in Defender with Rampage as "Midway games", even though they were made by completely unrelated (at the time) companies. [[User:TerokNor|TerokNor]] ([[User talk:TerokNor|talk]]) 21:48, 9 June 2022 (UTC)</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25623NetherRealm Studios2022-06-05T18:24:38Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Amusement Games */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''', from 1999 as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''. Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Power Up Baseball'' (unreleased, location test only) (design) [https://gamehistory.org/powerupbaseball/]<br />
:<small>co-design/programming/art by Incredible Technologies</small><br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Tournament Edition''<br />
*''Spy Hunter''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-02''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
:<small>with JGI Entertainment</small><br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Blitz: The League II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25621NetherRealm Studios2022-06-05T10:39:55Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Amusement Games */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''', from 1999 as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''. Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Power Up Baseball'' (unreleased, location test only) (design) [https://gamehistory.org/powerupbaseball/]<br />
:<small>co-design/programming/art by Incredible Technologies</small><br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
===Game Boy Advance===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Tournament Edition''<br />
*''Spy Hunter''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-02''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
:<small>with JGI Entertainment</small><br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25617NetherRealm Studios2022-06-04T11:43:46Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Manufacturing */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''', from 1999 as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''. Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Power Up Baseball'' (unreleased, location test only) (design) [https://gamehistory.org/powerupbaseball/]<br />
:<small>co-design/programming/art by Incredible Technologies</small><br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-02''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
:<small>with JGI Entertainment</small><br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25616NetherRealm Studios2022-06-04T11:11:55Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''', from 1999 as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''. Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-02''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
:<small>with JGI Entertainment</small><br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-03''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest 20-04''<br />
*''MLB SlugFest Loaded''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 20-03''<br />
:<small>with Point of View</small><br />
*''NFL Blitz Pro''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
*''RedCard 20-03''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Vid_Kidz&diff=25615Vid Kidz2022-06-03T18:20:25Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
Independent company founded by former [[NetherRealm Studios|Williams]] employees Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar, creators of ''Defender''<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources<br />
<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Blaster'' (Williams)<br />
*''Conquest'' (unreleased) (Williams) [http://www.codemystics.com/conquest/]<br />
*''Robotron: 2084'' (Williams)<br />
*''Stargate'' (Williams)<br />
<br />
===Atari 8-bit===<br />
*''Blaster'' (unreleased) (Atari) [http://www.atariprotos.com/5200/software/blaster/blaster.htm]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://www.atarihq.com/danb/VidKidz.shtml Vid Kidz hard drive contents]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Companies]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Vid_Kidz&diff=25614Vid Kidz2022-06-03T18:19:35Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
Independent company founded by former Williams employees Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar, creators of ''Defender''<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources<br />
<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Blaster'' (Williams)<br />
*''Conquest'' (unreleased) (Williams) [http://www.codemystics.com/conquest/]<br />
*''Robotron: 2084'' (Williams)<br />
*''Stargate'' (Williams)<br />
<br />
===Atari 8-bit===<br />
*''Blaster'' (unreleased) (Atari) [http://www.atariprotos.com/5200/software/blaster/blaster.htm]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://www.atarihq.com/danb/VidKidz.shtml Vid Kidz hard drive contents]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Companies]]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Atari_Hunt_Valley&diff=25613Talk:Atari Hunt Valley2022-06-03T17:26:56Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>=Developer unknown=<br />
Versions of MicroProse games currently not listed because it is not known if they were done in-house<br />
:Acrojet - by William Denman and Edward Hill (graphics by Michael Haire, additional stuff by Meier and Stealy, so probably some in-house work)<br />
:Airborne Ranger IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Command HQ Macintosh - by Dave Brewer<br />
:Conflict in Vietnam IBM PC - by Edward Hill, Don Awalt, Randall Masteller<br />
:Crusade in Europe IBM PC - by Don Awalt<br />
:Decision in the Desert IBM PC - by Don Awalt<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Gunship PlayStation - no credits available<br />
:Hellcat Ace C64 - by Ron Verovsky and Dale Gray<br />
:Hellcat Ace IBM PC - by Don Awalt<br />
:Kennedy Approach Amiga/Atari ST - no credits available<br />
:Pirates! Gold Macintosh - credits not currently available (game is available at Macintosh Repository)<br />
:Rex Nebular and the Cosmic Gender Bender Macintosh - by Dave Brewer<br />
:Sid Meier's Pirates! IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Silent Service Atari 8-bit - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon Macintosh - by Dave Brewer<br />
:Sid Meier's Colonization Macintosh - credits not currently available (game is available at Macintosh Repository)<br />
:Silent Service IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Solo Flight IBM PC - by Randall Masteller<br />
:Spitfire Ace C64 - by Ron Verovsky and Dale Gray<br />
<br />
=Not developed at Hunt Valley=<br />
Versions not listed because they were definitely done elsewhere<br />
:Airborne Ranger Amiga/Atari ST - by Imagitec<br />
:F-117A Nighthawk - Stealth Fighter 2.0 Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle Atari ST - by Digital Illusions (graphics done in-house?)<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle II Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:F-15 Strike Eagle II Genesis - by MicroProse UK<br />
:F-19 Stealth Figher Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Gunship 2000 Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Knights of the Sky Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Civilization Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Colonization Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Covert Action Amiga - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
:Silent Service II Amiga/Atari ST - by MicroProse UK<br />
<br />
=OT Sports/Real Sports=<br />
OT Sports and/or Real Sports was a joint venture between Spectrum Holobyte and ABC. At least one of their games (''ABC Sports Monday Night Football '98'') was apparently developed at MicroProse going by shared credits.</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25612NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T17:16:39Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development (their last arcade titles released as '''Midway Amusement Games LLC'''), but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Amusement Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25611NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T17:07:16Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Games */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000 - Gold Edition''<br />
*''NFL Blitz 99''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25610NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T17:04:16Z<p>TerokNor: /* Arcade */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Hyperdrive''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25609NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T17:00:34Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Manufacturing */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Judge Dredd'' (unreleased, location test only) [http://gaminghell.co.uk/JudgeDredd.html]<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25608NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T16:58:48Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25607NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T16:58:20Z<p>TerokNor: /* Arcade */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''High Impact Football''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25606NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T16:56:59Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Manufacturing */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''Tri-Sports'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25605NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T16:53:51Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Williams Electronics */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Inferno''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25604NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T16:49:23Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Williams Electronics */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Mystic Marathon''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25603NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T16:39:31Z<p>TerokNor: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business after 2000 for console development, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25602NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T16:38:08Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Games */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business ca. 2000, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''NBA Ballers''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Phenom''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''NBA Ballers: Chosen One''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25601NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T16:27:52Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Games */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business ca. 2000, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''CART Fury: Championship Racing''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNorhttp://gdri.smspower.org/wiki/index.php?title=NetherRealm_Studios&diff=25600NetherRealm Studios2022-06-03T16:22:07Z<p>TerokNor: /* As Midway Games */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
'''Williams Electronics, Inc.''' in Chicago had its origins in the pinball business of Harry Williams, going back to the 1930s. The company moved into video games with 1981's classic ''Defender'' by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. After ''Defender'', Williams greatly increased in-house game production, while Jarvis and DeMar continued designing games at their company [[Vid Kidz]]. After the 1983/1984 crash in the arcade business, Williams greatly reduced its video games staff, which became part of '''Williams Electronics Games, Inc.'''. Jarvis returned to Williams in 1988 after a stay at Stanford University, and afterwards video game production greatly increased again with the likes of ''NARC'' and ''Smash T.V.'', leading to hits like ''Mortal Kombat'' and ''NBA Jam''. Williams had acquired the arcade business of its competitor Bally Midway in 1988, shutting down their offices in Franklin Park and only retaining Bally's Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman.[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html] The company started using the Midway name for their Chicago-developed games from 1989 on (retaining the Bally Midway label on a handful of titles), first as '''Midway Manufacturing Company''', from 1996 as '''Midway Games, Inc.''' Midway left the arcade business ca. 2000, but arcade development in Chicago continued with companies founded by former Midway employees like George Petro's Play Mechanix and Jarvis' Raw Thrills. In 2009, Midway and the Chicago studio were acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive, with the studio being rechristened '''WB Games Chicago''' [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/report-midway-chicago-becomes-wb-games-chicago], and later '''NetherRealm Studios''', focusing on creating new games in the Mortal Kombat series.<br />
<br />
'''[[About:Research Methods|Research Methods]]:''' Online resources (see [[#Links|Links]]), print resources, shared credits, direct mentions.<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Bubbles''<br />
*''Defender''<br />
*''Joust''<br />
*''Sinistar''<br />
<br />
==As Williams Electronics Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest''<br />
*''NARC''<br />
*''Smash T.V.''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Manufacturing==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arch Rivals'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
:<small>began development at Bally Midway[http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]</small><br />
*''Cruis'n USA''<br />
*''Cruis'n World''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat II''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''NBA Hangtime''<br />
*''NBA Jam''<br />
*''NBA Jam Tournament Edition''<br />
*''NHL Open Ice: 2 On 2 Challenge''<br />
*''Pigskin 621 AD'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''Revolution X''<br />
*''Strike Force''<br />
*''Super High Impact''<br />
*''Terminator 2: Judgment Day''<br />
*''Total Carnage''<br />
*''TROG'' (Bally Midway label)<br />
*''The Ugly Stick'' (unreleased) [http://www.gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html]<br />
*''Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3''<br />
*''War Gods''<br />
*''WWF WrestleMania''<br />
<br />
==As Midway Games==<br />
===Arcade===<br />
*''Arctic Thunder''<br />
*''CarnEvil''<br />
*''Cruis'n Exotica''<br />
*''The Grid''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 4''<br />
*''NBA Showtime: NBA on NBC''<br />
*''NFL Blitz''<br />
<br />
===GameCube=== <br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
<br />
===Nintendo 64===<br />
*''NFL Blitz 2000''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero''<br />
:<small>with Avalanche Software</small><br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Special Forces''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 2===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
===PSP===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Unchained''<br />
<br />
===Xbox===<br />
*''Blitz: The League''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Armageddon''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance''<br />
*''Mortal Kombat: Deception''<br />
*''Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy''<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe''<br />
*''Stranglehold''<br />
<br />
==As NetherRealm Studios==<br />
===PlayStation 3===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===PlayStation 4===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Wii U===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox 360===<br />
*''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
===Xbox One===<br />
*''Injustice 2'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat X'' (WB Games)<br />
*''Mortal Kombat 11'' (WB Games)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Davis, Warren. Creating Q*bert and Other Classic Video Arcade Games, Santa Monica Press, 2021 [https://www.santamonicapress.com/creating-qbert-and-other-classic-video-arcade-games/]<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/JARVIS.HTM Eugene Jarvis interview]<br />
*[http://gamerefuge.com/alongtheway.html Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman's personal development history at their company Game Refuge's site]</div>TerokNor